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2012年10月1日 An integral part of the NORM management strategy is interaction with other national and international oil companies, oil and gas service industry members, and industry associations working in the field of NORM management.
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2020年1月28日 all aspects of NORM management that aim to enhance NORM monitoring; control of NORM-contaminated equipment; control of NORM waste handling and
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2023年3月22日 “NORM” IN THE NATURAL GAS AND OIL INDUSTRY FAST FACTS: In the U.S., NORM-specific regulation is delegated to individual state authorities, with
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2011年7月12日 NORM management strategy and its goals of establishing common guidance throughout the oil and gas industry. 1. Introduction Naturally Occurring
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(Updated April 2020) Radioactive materials which occur naturally and where human activities increase the exposure of people to ionising radiation are known by the acronym 'NORM'. NORM results from activities such as
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2012年10月1日 As the hazard of NORM in the oil and gas industry became internationally recognised, Saudi Aramco initiated a programme to identify the extent, form, and level of
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2012年10月1日 International Association of Oil Gas Producers (OGP), Guidelines for the management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in the oil gas
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Saudi Aramco has developed NORM management guidelines, and is implementing a comprehensive strategy to address all aspects of NORM management that aim to
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2008年8月7日 This paper outlines Saudi Aramco's experience in the development of a NORM management strategy and its goals of establishing common guidance throughout
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2016年1月1日 This paper reviews the literature that identifies Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in oil and gas production. It further explains how
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2005年1月1日 The waste generated in oil and gas equipment is due to the precipitation of alkaline earth metals as sulfate, carbonates and/or silicates. Nuclear spectroscopic analysis showed that the main radionuclides present in TE-NORM waste associated with petroleum industries are 238 U, 235 U and 232 Th series. The mineralogical analysis by X-ray ...
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1999年10月12日 In addition, the study included an evaluation of the potential doses and health risks associated with disposing of a separate NORM waste stream generated by the petroleum industry--wastes containing lead-210 (Pb-210) and its progeny. Both NORM waste streams are characterized in Section 3 of this report.
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2012年10月1日 As the hazard of NORM in the oil and gas industry became internationally recognised, Saudi Aramco initiated a programme to identify the extent, form, and level of NORM contamination associated with their operations. Once positive indications of enhanced levels of NORM were identified, the company was faced with the problem of
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2021年1月13日 However, concerns about the possible associated health risks did not arise until the mid-1980s, when the industry and regulators realized that NORM occurrence was more widespread than originally ...
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The procedures used in updating and modifying the Norms in practice were also discussed. The Norms were simplified and modeled using regression analysis and other statistical techniques and the accuracy of these models was examined to test their reliability and validity. It was found that it is within ±8.4 %.
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2015年12月9日 Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) still remains a problem in oil and gas exploration. Radioactive wastes from oil and gas drilling take the form of produced water, drilling mud ...
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2002年4月1日 @article{osti_943110, title = {A dose assessment associated with landspreading petroleum industry NORM.}, author = {Arnish, J J and Smith, K P and Blunt, D L and Environmental Assessment}, abstractNote = {As a result of oil and gas production and processing operations, naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) sometimes
خبير الاتصالPDF On Jan 1, 2016, Peter Evans and others published Guidelines for the Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in the Oil and Gas Industry Find, read and cite all the ...
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2011年7月12日 NORM management strategy and its goals of establishing common guidance throughout the oil and gas industry. 1. Introduction Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is a by-product waste of oil production and its presence in pipelines, plant and machinery may cause restriction of operability and potential radiological health
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1997年7月1日 @article{osti_578460, title = {Bibliography of reports, papers, and presentations on naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in petroleum industry wastes}, author = {Smith, K P and Wilkey, M L and Hames, R D}, abstractNote = {This bibliography was created to support projects conducted by Argonne National Laboratory
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2012年10月1日 The objective is to prevent NORM-contaminated equipment from being sent to contractors for maintenance/repair, disposed of, or sold to the public – and hence becoming a source of radiation hazard – by isolating such equipment and storing it in a designated area. 6.2.3. Decontamination of NORM-contaminated equipment.
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oil and gas industries,25,39–41 measured globally and adopted by IAEA are shown in Table 1. It is noted from the table that 226Ra is the most concentrated isotope, especially in the scales. Therefore, scales are considered one of the most dangerous waste of the petroleum industry. Studies on the radioactivity of the oil and gas industries with
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1995年8月1日 @article{osti_105853, title = {Dose assessment for management alternatives for NORM-contaminated equipment within the petroleum industry}, author = {Blunt, D L and Smith, K P}, abstractNote = {The contamination of drilling and production equipment by naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) is a growing concern for
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2016年3月1日 Characterization of NORM-type scales from the oil industry through spectrometry techniques and multivariate analysis. 2024, X-Ray Spectrometry ... Kinetics and mechanism of radium-isotopes dissolution in TENORM scale waste associated with petroleum production using certain organic carbon source: lactic acid solution—case study.
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2018年9月1日 These relations and resulting equations for each oil NORM waste may serve as geochemical signature of the reservoirs and so indicate the location of the NORM. Fig. 1 shows clearly that most of the oil NORM waste samples from the four oil fields plot in different areas when modeling. Conclusions. The conclusions can be summarized as
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1992年12月1日 Available data suggest that the occurrence of NORM (and associated health risks) is significant enough to warrant increased regulatory control. However, before these regulations can be developed, additional research is needed to (1) better characterize the occurrence and distribution of NORM throughout the industry, (2) quantify hazards
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2005年2月1日 On the other hand El Afifi et al. [24] was recorded high levels activity concentration for 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K in the TE-NORM waste at four different sites for petroleum and gas production in ...
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2013年10月6日 Wasted petroleum, scale and sludge, samples associated with petroleum industries have elevated level of radionuclides concentrations which increase the radiation dose received to the workers. Radon concentration, emanation coefficient and exhalation rate give good information about the radioactivity levels. Twelve samples of scale, sludge
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2008年8月7日 @article{osti_21152467, title = {NORM Management in the Oil and Gas Industry}, author = {Cowie, Michael and Mously, Khalid and Fageeha, Osama and Nassar, Rafat}, abstractNote = {It has been established that Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) accumulates at various locations along the oil/gas production process.
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2015年12月15日 The safe disposal of liquid wastes associated with oil and gas production in the United States is a major challenge given their large volumes and typically high levels of contaminants.
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